Time keeping and horology may not be one of the first things that people think about when you mention technology, but increasing accuracy and constant development are always changing this most ancient part of our culture.
From marking days off on cave walls, to the most advance atomic clocks; time keeping has come a long way. The most accurate atomic clocks lose around 1 second every 1.4 million years, so as far as accuracy is concerned; it is quite a leap from a sun dial. The passage of time has always been important for civilisations, from harvesting crops, identifying important times in the year to religious meanings
Historically, time has been measured in relation to the earth, the simplest being a day and a year representing the revolution of the earth and orbit of the sun respectively. Calendars were developed as far back as 20,000 years ago, with evidence found of lines being scratched to possibly represent the phases of the moon.
Early civilisations such as the Ancient Egyptians and the Roman Empire had calendars and marked the passage of the years in their own way, each being specific to separate cultures. Telling the time of day was a much harder task for ancient people, with the first methods being similar to sundials, going back over 5000 years.
Mechanical clocks first appeared during the 14th century and gradually progressed in complexity and accuracy over the years. With the arrival of electric clocks, accuracy was improved, but still had it’s limitations.
With the invention of Atomic clocks around 50 years ago, new technologies became available, such as communication satellites, GPS and global computer networks.
Atomic clocks tend to use the resonance of the atom cesium-133 which vibrates exactly at the frequency 9,192,631,770 very second. This was adopted in 1967 as an International System of Unit (SI) for the passage of a second, creating a standardised unit of time.
With this large degree of accuracy and factors such as the Earth’s slowing rotation, Atomic clocks are standardising time and increasing accuracy further. Recent headlines have shown that syncing multiple sources is possible to keep time, which could lead to worldwide networks.
From buying a watch from a boutique such as Banks Lyon, to the most advanced technologies still being developed, telling the time and date is a hugely important factor in anyone’s life. It would be very difficult to imagine a world where we didn’t have some understanding of the passage of time.

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